Dekonstruksi dan Rekonstruksi Tafsir-Hadis Kontemporer: Analisis Konseptual atas Kritik Sanad-Matan, Hermeneutika Hadis, dan Dekolonisasi Studi Islam

Ifrohan; Uswatun Hasanah

doi:10.65793/j.tanwiruna.2026.52

Penulis

Ifrohan IAI Nusantara Ash-Shiddiqiyah Lempuing Jaya, Indonesia Penulis
Uswatun Hasanah Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, Indonesia Penulis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65793/j.tanwiruna.2026.52

Kata Kunci:

dekonstruksi, rekonstruksi, tafsir hadis, hermeneutika, dekolonisasi studi Islam

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis dekonstruksi dan rekonstruksi tafsir-hadis kontemporer melalui empat medan kajian utama, yaitu kritik sanad dan matan modern, hermeneutika hadis, dekolonisasi studi Islam, dan rekonstruksi metodologi pemahaman teks. Kajian ini berangkat dari asumsi bahwa pendekatan klasik yang selama ini dominan dalam studi tafsir dan hadis perlu dibaca ulang secara kritis agar tetap relevan dengan dinamika intelektual kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan analisis deskriptif-kritis terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer yang berkaitan dengan epistemologi tafsir dan hadis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kritik sanad dan matan modern telah memperluas horizon verifikasi teks, hermeneutika hadis mendorong pergeseran dari pembacaan literal ke pembacaan kontekstual, sementara dekolonisasi studi Islam membuka ruang kritik terhadap dominasi epistemologi Barat maupun otoritas tunggal dalam tradisi Islam itu sendiri. Dalam konteks ini, rekonstruksi metodologi pemahaman teks menjadi penting untuk menghadirkan pembacaan tafsir dan hadis yang lebih dialogis, historis, inklusif, dan responsif terhadap problem sosial-keagamaan kontemporer. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa dekonstruksi bukanlah upaya meniadakan otoritas teks, melainkan langkah epistemologis untuk menata ulang cara memahami teks suci dan tradisi keilmuan Islam secara lebih reflektif dan relevan.

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